What is metallic bonding?

Metallic bonding occurs in metals where valence electrons are delocalized and move freely among a lattice of positive metal ions. This “sea of electrons” explains properties like electrical conductivity, malleability, ductility, and luster. Unlike ionic or covalent bonds, metallic bonds do not form discrete molecules. Instead, they form a giant metallic structure. The strength of metallic bonding depends on the number of delocalized electrons and the size of metal ions. Examples include copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), which are used extensively in electrical wiring and construction.