What is VSEPR theory in bonding?

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory predicts the 3D shape of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs around a central atom. Electron pairs (bonding and lone pairs) position themselves to minimize repulsion. This determines molecular geometry. For instance, methane (CH₄) has a tetrahedral shape, water (H₂O) is bent due to two lone pairs, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) is linear. The theory helps explain bond angles and molecular polarity. It is crucial in understanding reactivity, molecular behavior, and properties in chemical reactions and interactions.